Prison Reform- led by Dorothea Dix, wanted to improve their living conditions and make prisoners productive members of the society
Cult of Domesticity- worked to get women's equal rights
Shakers- believed that lust was the greatest sin, lived in different buildings and we celebite
Mormons- discriminated against, ended up going to Salt Lake City, Utah so they could practice their religion(polygamy)
Utopian Societies- perfect cities where all people have equal distribution of wealth and hides them from the dangers of the outside world, usually socialist
Benevolent Empire- spread of religion
Transcendentalists- believed in the infinite benevolence of God, the infinite benevolence of nature, and the divinity of man, perfect world
Underground Railroad- the pathway to Canada that Harriet Tubman used to help 300 slaves to freedom
Abolitionists- people who wanted slavery to end
Temperance- the movement that was anti-alcohol
Thursday, April 5, 2012
Market Revolution
Cotton Gin- created by Eli Whitney, sped up the production of cotton
Irish Immigration- Irish was leading immigrant population and they did the dangerous jobs like building railroads, and they got very low wages. Irish were very discriminated against also.
Hunt v. Massachusetts- the case made unions illegal
Conestoga Wagons- also known as covered wagons, people could now trail by horse and wagon and keep all their stuff dry
Factory System-made in factories
General Incorporation Law- allows companies to form corporations
Laissez Faire- government did much to assist capitalism
Yankee Ingenuity- Americans were willing to try anything
Trans-Atlantic Cable- a cable that went across the Atlantic Ocean that allowed the US to communicate with Morse code to other countries
Samuel Slater- first dual purpose textile plants in Lowell, Mass.
Irish Immigration- Irish was leading immigrant population and they did the dangerous jobs like building railroads, and they got very low wages. Irish were very discriminated against also.
Hunt v. Massachusetts- the case made unions illegal
Conestoga Wagons- also known as covered wagons, people could now trail by horse and wagon and keep all their stuff dry
Factory System-made in factories
General Incorporation Law- allows companies to form corporations
Laissez Faire- government did much to assist capitalism
Yankee Ingenuity- Americans were willing to try anything
Trans-Atlantic Cable- a cable that went across the Atlantic Ocean that allowed the US to communicate with Morse code to other countries
Samuel Slater- first dual purpose textile plants in Lowell, Mass.
Jacksonian Era
"Common Man"- the working, normal, non Elite men who were just farmers with little to no education
Specie- hard currency
"Kitchen Cabinet"- Jackson's first cabinet
Panic of 1837- bank notes lost value, land sales went down, credit not available, unemployment went up all because of the circulation of the specie
Indian Removal Programs- Jackson wanted to move all the Indian tribes so American's could farm on their land
Corrupt Bargain- Jackson's nickname for the election of 1824 because of the way Quincy-Adams won
Wildcat Banks- the new state banks that Jackson opened up instead of the 2nd US Bank
Stump Speech- candidates would stand on a tree stump and present the same exact speech at every town that they stopped
Universal Manhood Suffrage- all white men had the right to vote
Trail of Tears- the trip that the Cherokees took when they were moved from their home lands to the reservation that Jackson wanted them on, many died from starvation and diesease
Specie- hard currency
"Kitchen Cabinet"- Jackson's first cabinet
Panic of 1837- bank notes lost value, land sales went down, credit not available, unemployment went up all because of the circulation of the specie
Indian Removal Programs- Jackson wanted to move all the Indian tribes so American's could farm on their land
Corrupt Bargain- Jackson's nickname for the election of 1824 because of the way Quincy-Adams won
Wildcat Banks- the new state banks that Jackson opened up instead of the 2nd US Bank
Stump Speech- candidates would stand on a tree stump and present the same exact speech at every town that they stopped
Universal Manhood Suffrage- all white men had the right to vote
Trail of Tears- the trip that the Cherokees took when they were moved from their home lands to the reservation that Jackson wanted them on, many died from starvation and diesease
Jeffersonian Democracy
Louisiana Purchase- bought land that is now Louisiana and the US doubled in size and American's began to push west
Blockades- bunch of ships blocking port to block trade
Hartford Convention- "Mr. Madison's war", states refused to send militias to the war, marked the end of the Federalists
Annexation of Florida- Jackson took over Florida without getting permission from Jefferson
Monroe Doctrine- goal was to end European colonization in America and create a national identity
Barbary Pirates- pirates in the Mediterranean that captured ships;ransom, and demand tribute
Missouri Compromise- Missouri would become a slave state if Maine was a free state. Also slavery become illegal north of Missouri
Embargo Act- Jefferson wanted neutrality, but underestimated France and Britain. Britain wouldn't trade with us if France was and vice versus, hurt the US more than Britain and ended up going to a recession.
Napoleonic Wars- Napolean wanted to have total control over Europe, had wars to gain all of that power.
Jefferson's Philosophy- small government, majority rule, strict constructionism, and agrarian democracy, thought most people should be farmers.
Blockades- bunch of ships blocking port to block trade
Hartford Convention- "Mr. Madison's war", states refused to send militias to the war, marked the end of the Federalists
Annexation of Florida- Jackson took over Florida without getting permission from Jefferson
Monroe Doctrine- goal was to end European colonization in America and create a national identity
Barbary Pirates- pirates in the Mediterranean that captured ships;ransom, and demand tribute
Missouri Compromise- Missouri would become a slave state if Maine was a free state. Also slavery become illegal north of Missouri
Embargo Act- Jefferson wanted neutrality, but underestimated France and Britain. Britain wouldn't trade with us if France was and vice versus, hurt the US more than Britain and ended up going to a recession.
Napoleonic Wars- Napolean wanted to have total control over Europe, had wars to gain all of that power.
Jefferson's Philosophy- small government, majority rule, strict constructionism, and agrarian democracy, thought most people should be farmers.
Wednesday, April 4, 2012
Federalist Era
Assumption Bill- National government buys state debts
Residence Act- moved capital from Philly to Washington DC
Whiskey Rebellion- farmers were mad about the excise tax on whiskey, attacked tax collectors and formed mobs
Effigy- a doll that looks like someone
Hamilton's Financial System- "trickle down economics", funding at par, "assumption" of states debts, high tariffs and excise tax on whiskey
Sin Tax- tax on things that are bad for you
Nullification- states can refuse to enforce a law that they think is unconstitutional
Alien Act- deports non- US citizens who support French, aimed at new immigrants and DR supporters
Sedition Act- made criticism of the war, the president, or the congress illegal.
Bank of The United States- safe place for tax revenue, regulate state banks, and provide low interest loans to industries.
Residence Act- moved capital from Philly to Washington DC
Whiskey Rebellion- farmers were mad about the excise tax on whiskey, attacked tax collectors and formed mobs
Effigy- a doll that looks like someone
Hamilton's Financial System- "trickle down economics", funding at par, "assumption" of states debts, high tariffs and excise tax on whiskey
Sin Tax- tax on things that are bad for you
Nullification- states can refuse to enforce a law that they think is unconstitutional
Alien Act- deports non- US citizens who support French, aimed at new immigrants and DR supporters
Sedition Act- made criticism of the war, the president, or the congress illegal.
Bank of The United States- safe place for tax revenue, regulate state banks, and provide low interest loans to industries.
Tuesday, April 3, 2012
Revolutionary Era
Salutary Neglect- Great Britain did not care what colonists did as long as they were making money. $$$$
Thomas Paine's Common Sense- The pamphlet that Thomas Paine wrote and thousands of people read. The normal person could read and make sense of it. It persuaded a lot of people that Britain was bad and the United States needed to branch away from them.
Proclamation Line of 1763- A line that the king put into place where the colonists could not settle past.
Albany Plan of Union- Proposed by Benjamin Franklin, that the colonies unite under one government and the gov. general be proposed by the king. It would also be semi-autonomous.
Olive Branch Petition- A letter to the kind that asked for his forgiveness for the rebellious acts against him.
Tarring and Feathering- Colonists did this to the British soldiers because they didn't want to pay the taxes. They poured hot tar on them and then threw feathers on them. This would publicly humiliate them and burn them very badly, could even cause death.
Boston Tea Party- The Sons of Liberty planned to dress like Indians, sneak onto British ships at night, and throw the tea boxes overboard.
Lexington and Concord- Militia formed all over Boston and the British started to invade and someone shot and a battle broke out. 8 militia dead; 11 wounded.
Boycotts- Protests that were put on by the colonists against the British because of the taxes.
Sugar Act- Tax put on sugar after the French&Indian war so the king could make money to pay his debts.
Thomas Paine's Common Sense- The pamphlet that Thomas Paine wrote and thousands of people read. The normal person could read and make sense of it. It persuaded a lot of people that Britain was bad and the United States needed to branch away from them.
Proclamation Line of 1763- A line that the king put into place where the colonists could not settle past.
Albany Plan of Union- Proposed by Benjamin Franklin, that the colonies unite under one government and the gov. general be proposed by the king. It would also be semi-autonomous.
Olive Branch Petition- A letter to the kind that asked for his forgiveness for the rebellious acts against him.
Tarring and Feathering- Colonists did this to the British soldiers because they didn't want to pay the taxes. They poured hot tar on them and then threw feathers on them. This would publicly humiliate them and burn them very badly, could even cause death.
Boston Tea Party- The Sons of Liberty planned to dress like Indians, sneak onto British ships at night, and throw the tea boxes overboard.
Lexington and Concord- Militia formed all over Boston and the British started to invade and someone shot and a battle broke out. 8 militia dead; 11 wounded.
Boycotts- Protests that were put on by the colonists against the British because of the taxes.
Sugar Act- Tax put on sugar after the French&Indian war so the king could make money to pay his debts.
Constitution Era
Amendment- a legal change made to the constitution, there are twenty-seven. The first ten are the Bill of Rights.
Bicameral- a two house congress
Land Ordinance of 1785- set up land in grids and sold them off.
Eminent Domain- can take property if owner is paid and used for common good.
3/5 Compromise- slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person on the census for the South.
Articles of Confederation- the first constitution that only last for four years. Had a lot of weaknesses and national government had almost power. "a firm league of friendship"
Debtors Prison- where farmers went that couldn't pay their debts couldn't get out until paid off.
Census- measures the population every ten years.
Ratification- to approve something in the constitution.
Natural Rights- John Locke said people had three natural rights:
1) right to life- survival and feel safe
2) liberty- freedom; make own decisions
3) property- survival; commodities
Bicameral- a two house congress
Land Ordinance of 1785- set up land in grids and sold them off.
Eminent Domain- can take property if owner is paid and used for common good.
3/5 Compromise- slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person on the census for the South.
Articles of Confederation- the first constitution that only last for four years. Had a lot of weaknesses and national government had almost power. "a firm league of friendship"
Debtors Prison- where farmers went that couldn't pay their debts couldn't get out until paid off.
Census- measures the population every ten years.
Ratification- to approve something in the constitution.
Natural Rights- John Locke said people had three natural rights:
1) right to life- survival and feel safe
2) liberty- freedom; make own decisions
3) property- survival; commodities
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